剑桥大学三一学院简介

剑桥大学三一学院简介

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剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)，简称剑桥，是一所位于英国剑桥市的世界顶级研究型大学。始创于1209年，亦是英语世界里第二古老的大学。剑桥大学和牛津大学合称为"牛剑"(Oxbridge)，除了两所大学在文化和现实上的协作已成为英国社会史的一部分外，两所大学长久以来一直存在竞争。并经常和牛津大学争夺全英最佳学府的声誉。

liuxue86记者获悉，剑桥大学有来自各行各业和世界各个角落超过18000名的学生，近9000名教职员工，31所学院和150所科系、研究机构和其他机构，剑桥大学每天都是不同的。

剑桥大学三一学院(Trinity College, Cambridge)是剑桥大学中规模最大、财力最雄厚、名声最响亮的学院之一，拥有约600名大学生，300名研究生和180名教授。同时，它也拥有全剑桥大学中最优美的建筑与庭院。

三一学院的历史可以追溯到亨利八世统治时期，其许多主要建筑可追溯到16和17世纪。美丽的三一法院吸引了来自世界各地的游客，但三一学院也是一个蒸蒸日上，现代化的校园。

三一学院由亨利八世于1546年所建，结合了米迦勒学院和国王学堂。米迦勒学院1324年就已经存在;国王学堂由爱德华二世于1317年所建，并由爱德华三世于1337年重建。三一学院的旗帜，飘扬在特定场合，作为爱德华三世的皇家标准设计。

一、建筑

三一学院最古老的建筑可追溯到国王学堂的时候，包括中世纪的学院钟楼。巨门建于16世纪初。三一学院的整个建筑群在17世纪初时进行过大规模的整修，这个宏伟的建筑设计方案包括将古老的钟楼移动20码，以空出足够的空间来建造巨庭——一个哥特风格的庭院。

我们今天所看到的许多建筑物都是当时的托马斯·纳维尔通过努力亲自设计主持完成的，托马斯·纳维尔1593年成为三一学院的院长，巨庭的主要特点和大部分的美丽，巨庭位于大厅旁边，面临着剑河。

纳维尔庭院是在17世纪晚期由建筑大师克里斯托弗·莱恩爵士设计的图书馆矗立起来之后才算完整。莱恩图书馆有许多宝贵的文化遗产，最古老的是8世纪的圣保罗书信的副本。

巨门外边的三一街对面，是19世纪建起的新庭院和其它一些庭院。最近又新建了蓝野猪庭院和伯勒尔田园等等新建筑，别具一格。

　　二、著名校友

liuxue86记者获悉，16世纪三一学院的大学生包括哲学家和政治家弗朗西斯·培根、埃塞克斯伯爵，伊丽莎白一世最喜欢的人。诗人乔治·赫伯特，安德鲁·马维尔和约翰·德莱顿17世纪上半年都在三一学院读书。艾萨克·牛顿，最伟大的物理科学家，1661年进入大学本科，直到1696年才进入三一学院，那时他最重要的数学和科学工作已经完成。

拜伦，萨克雷，丁尼生是19世纪早期三一学院的本科生。放在莱恩图书馆的拜伦雕像本打算放入西敏寺教堂，但却遭拒绝理由是此人生前有伤风化。格雷伯爵，他的政府于1832年推出伟大的改革法案，是三一学院六个首相的其中一位。

19世纪末和20世纪初的三一学院著名校友包括詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦，《电磁学理论》的作者;J.J.汤姆森和欧内斯特·卢瑟福，两个原子物理学的先驱之一;历史学家G.M.特里维廉;哲学家伯特兰·罗素和路德·维希维特根斯坦;贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁，印度第一任总理;小说家弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫。

　　三、三一学院生活

三一学院的生活在过去的几个世纪已经有了很大的改变，但一直保持着强大的学术传统。在科学和经济方面，例如，自从1901年首次获得诺贝尔奖起，三一学院有32个诺贝尔科学奖获得者。如今，三一学院是前瞻性学校的一部分，因优秀的教学和研究而闻名。

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　　英文原文请浏览第二页[page]

The history of Trinity goes back to the reign of Henry VIII and most of its major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The beauty and size of Trinity's courts attract visitors from all over the world, but the College is also a thriving, modern community.

Trinity College was founded by Henry VIII in 1546, combining Michaelhouse and King's Hall. Michaelhouse had existed since 1324; King's Hall had been established by Edward II in 1317 and refounded by Edward III in 1337. Trinity's flag, flown on special occasions, has as its design the royal standard of Edward III.

　Buildings

The oldest parts of the College date from the time of King's Hall, including the range behind the Clock Tower, which are medieval, and the Great Gate, which was built at the beginning of the 16th century. The clock strikes the hour twice, first on a low note and then on a much higher one. The tower once stood about 20 yards from where it is now and was moved to its present site when Great Court was laid out.

Many of the buildings that we see today were built through the efforts of Thomas Nevile, who became Master of Trinity in 1593, including the main features of Great Court and a large part of the beautiful, cloistered court on the side of the Hall that faces the river. Nevile's Court was completed in the late 17th century when the library designed by Sir Christopher Wren was built. The Wren Library contains many treasures, the oldest of which is an 8th century copy of the Epistles of St Paul. New Court and courts on the other side of Trinity Street opposite the Great Gate were erected in the 19th century. In more recent times, much new building has been completed, including Blue Boar Court and Burrell's Field.

The College grew rapidly in importance during the century after its foundation and by 1564 it accounted for about a quarter of the total number of resident members of the University.

Famous Undergraduates

Undergraduates of the 16th century included Francis Bacon, philosopher and statesman, and the Earl of Essex, a favourite of Elizabeth I. The poets George Herbert, Andrew Marvell and John Dryden were at Trinity in the first half of the 17th century. Isaac Newton, one of the greatest of all physical scientists, entered the College as an undergraduate in 1661 and remained at Trinity until 1696, by which time his most important mathematical and scientific work had been completed.

Byron, Thackeray, and Tennyson were Trinity undergraduates in the early part of the 19th century. The statue of Byron now in the Wren Library was intended for Westminster Abbey, but the poet's notoriety was such that the offer was refused. Earl Grey, whose government introduced the great Reform Bill of 1832, is one of Trinity's six Prime Ministers.

Famous figures associated with Trinity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries include James Clerk Maxwell, author of the theory of electromagnetism; J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford, two of the pioneers of atomic physics; the historian G.M. Trevelyan; philosophers Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein; Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India; and the novelist Vladimir Nabokov.

　　Trinity Life

Life at Trinity has changed greatly over the centuries but the strong academic tradition has been maintained. In science and economics, for example, Trinity has provided 32 Nobel Prizewinners since they were first awarded in 1901. Today the College is part of a forward-looking University renowned for the excellence of its teaching and research.