拿破仑的英文简介

拿破仑的英文简介

拿破仑，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。历任法兰西第一共和国第一执政，法兰西第一帝国皇帝。下面是小编给大家整理的，供大家参阅!

拿破仑简介

Napoléon Bonaparte / Italian: Napoleone Buonaparte, August 15, 1769 - May 5, 1821), Napoléon I, born in Corsica, nineteenth century Frances great military strategist, politician, founder of the first empire of France. Served as the first ruling of the first republic of France (1799-1984), the first emperor of France (1804 - 1815).

Napoleon on November 6, 1804 crowned emperor, the Republic into the empire. During the reign of the "French emperor", is also the history of Charles III after the second to enjoy the name of the French emperor.

He has enacted the "Napoleonic Code", which has perfected the world legal system and laid the social order of the Western capitalist countries. Foreign forces led by the United States, the United States, Russia and other countries of the anti-French alliance, to win more than 50 field of large-scale campaign, a heavy blow to the European countries feudal system, to defend the results of the French Revolution. During his reign in France, he extended to the Napoleonic Wars, became the Protector of the King of Italy, the Protector of the Rhine Confederation, the Swiss Federal Arbitrator, the French Empire Colonial (including the French colonies, the Dutch colonies, the Spanish colonies, etc.). In the most glorious period, Europe, except the United Kingdom, the rest of the country to Napoleon surrender or alliance. Formed a huge Napoleonic empire system, creating a series of military and political miracles and short glorious achievements.

Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and then exiled to Elba Island. After the establishment of the 100th dynasty in 1815 again after the defeat of Waterloo was exiled. May 5, 1821, Napoleon died in St. Helena Island. In 1840, his coffin was greeted in Paris, France, a grand buried in the French banks of the Seine River in Paris (the old hospital in Paris disabled).

拿破仑为政举措

political

Launched a coup, seized power, achieved a centralized monarchy, developed capitalism, protected the bourgeoisie.

Napoleon was a well-deserved bourgeois revolutionist. He repeatedly repulsed anti-French coalition invasion and repression of reactionary rebellions at home and abroad, protected the results of the French Revolution, overthrew the old autocratic regime.

Napoleon defended the results of the French Revolution during the Great Revolution and protected the vested interests of the bourgeois revolution in the French republic. Making the 1815 French monarch despotic finally restored when the people were opposed. Napoleons ruling measures not only had a far-reaching impact in France, but also affected his conquest. Napoleon through the campaign, the French bourgeois revolution victory fruit spread to varying degrees to the French wherever he went. The social impact of the French bourgeois revolution has become an overwhelming force in the developing countries of Western capitalism. Napoleon made an important contribution in laying the bourgeois political system and promoting the development of capitalism. Napoleons dominance is a concentrated expression of the French bourgeois nature, and his domestic and foreign policies represent the interests of the bourgeoisie and protect the capitalist economic base.

Napoleon also has a huge indirect impact on the history of Latin America. His invasion of Spain weakened the strength of the local government, so that it will not control its colonies in Latin America in the next few years. Based on the current actual period of autonomy, the independent movement of Latin America began.

In addition, Napoleon was the first to put forward the idea of the United States of Europa, and tried to achieve through the force of people. Although he did not succeed in achieving this dream, but the twenty-first century, Europe is moving towards the goal of integration.

Economy

1. Economic liberalism and state intervention

The liberalization of agriculture and trade (in the late imperial intervention in the state), the government can take a series of measures as needed. Set up a series of economic associations to guide the supervision of economic activities. 1801 set up the "National Economic Association", 1803 set up manufacturing associations, set up in 1810 "factory workshop management committee", set up in 1811 Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Restoration of industrial exhibitions to encourage the development of animal husbandry, breeding horses, cattle and other livestock, to encourage the cultivation of potatoes, beets, cotton.

The economy becomes a political subsidiary, and all economic activities are subject to political needs.

2. Establish a bank to rectify the financial system

In 1998, fiscal reform was carried out to raise taxes such as land tax and real estate tax. In 1800 founded the French bank, unified currency, to encourage the development of capitalist industry and commerce. This series of initiatives is conducive to the stability of the military and the development of capitalism.

3. Tariff Protection and "Mainland Economic Blockade" Policy

Napoleons "continental economic blockade" policy was detrimental to the subsequent development of the European continent, but when capitalism was taking root in Western countries, the continental economic blockade protected the early development of capitalism. Napoleon is the representative of the French big bourgeoisie, he used the "mainland economic blockade" policy to protect the French bourgeoisie dominance.

4. Industrial Rise and Reward Policy

At the beginning of the 19th century, France opened the prelude to the industrial revolution. Napoleon has always been the attitude of the industrial revolution. At that time the French cotton textile industry was the rise of the purchase of a large number of British Jenny machine, production increased by four times.

Law

In 1804 promulgated the "Napoleonic Code" (the "Civil Code"), issued in 1807, "Commercial Code", issued in 1810, "Criminal Code", these statutes became the modern capitalist legal system of legal norms.

"Napoleon Code" was originally known as the "Civil Code of the Republic of France", is a typical bourgeois civil code, divided into three, 35 chapters, 2281, the Code was introduced in 1804, most of the terms Napoleon personally involved in the discussion, , Napoleon had attended more than 90 times at the 100 meetings of the Civil Code, and the Napoleonic Code was no longer simply a legal work, but a distinctive era and political color , Because of Napoleon made outstanding contributions, "French Civil Code" is also known as "Napoleon Code".

"Napoleon Code" includes criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law, civil procedure law, constitution, commercial law, the establishment of a relatively complete legal system, constitute the Napoleonic era and even for a long time in the French six law system. The enactment of these statutes has greatly contributed to the legal norms of French legal society at that time and for a long time to come. "Napoleon Code" also includes property rights, claims, marriage, inheritance, and many people still use the concept of civil law, is the first to the basic principles, the essence of integrity to modern civil society.

"Napoleon Code", in the law to protect the newly established small land tenure. Which ensured the sacred inviolability of the ownership of private property, established the commodity trade and the order of value under the market economy, and further disseminated the fruits of the French bourgeois revolution and maintained the basic human rights of the French ordinary people. It is because of this, many people think that "Napoleon Code" is an important symbol and product of the end of the French revolution, the basic human rights in the Declaration of Human Rights on property rights and reputation.

The Napoleonic Code was practiced in the territory occupied by the Napoleonic Army, so it was widely circulated in history, and all the laws of the European capitalist countries almost all borrowed the code, which regulated the social order of the Western capitalist countries, The interests of the bourgeoisie, embodies the principles of the French Revolution, the essence,

When Napoleon was defeated and exiled to St. Helena, he said, "I am truly glorious, not the forty victories (more than fifty times), and the Waterloo war has wiped out all about it All the memory, but one thing is not forgotten by people, it will be immortal - that is my "French Civil Code."

Science and education

During the First Empire of France, the retention of the national education system was established, the establishment of public schools and the University of France to cultivate talents to encourage the rise of scientific research and technology education.

In December 1797, from the Italian triumph of Napoleon was awarded the title of the Academy of France academician. Napoleon expedition to Egypt also set up the Egyptian Academy of Sciences, the appointment of dean as dean, since the vice president, and often the Academy of Sciences gathered to discuss the issue. The expedition opened the scientific research of ancient Egyptian civilization, many precious cultural relics, minerals and flora and fauna were shipped to France, the famous Rosetta stone is found in the expedition.

Napoleon is extremely concerned about the cause of science and culture. After taking office, he regularly attended the meeting of the Institute, invited the academicians to report on scientific progress, many awards awarded to scientists, including Volt, David and other foreign scientists. In the early days of his administration, he divided the two sides into the foundation and application of the Polytechnic, Artillery, Road and Bridge and other colleges and universities (the "university"). Paris Polytechnic was originally born in the Republican system, Napoleon coronation of the emperor, in the second day of the parade, will be embroidered with "for the motherland, science and honor," a few words of the banners, personally awarded to participate in the review of the Polytechnic Of the students, thus winning their loyalty. Napoleon each time set off, have graduates of Polytechnic to follow. In the first empire of France, Polytechnic graduates, and later became the French Academy of Sciences on the 16 people.

Napoleons concern for the cause of science and culture has contributed to the prosperity of the French science. It can be said that the Napoleonic era was one of the most abundant scientific achievements in French history. Laplacas, Lagrangian, Mongolian, Sadi Carnot, Fourier, Gay Lusack, Lamarck, Juwei leaves a large number of dazzling scientific stars.

Napoleon reorganized the institute, making it the official representative of the French culture and serving the national interest. In the light of the blueprint drawn by enlightenment thinkers, the Institute since the French Revolution was under the national education system, while Napoleon laid the national education system that continued the centralized management so far. Among them, the university is to monitor the entire education system and the establishment of the central authorities have absolute control. The head of state directly appointed director, director of the university district, by the school district governor management, supervision of the citys universities and primary and s